托福写作20到25!商业经济类话题必须掌握

托福写作20到25!商业经济类话题必须掌握

不知道同学们有没有发现,在托福独立写作的考察话题中,我们会看到很多和国家社会经济以及公司企业有关(例如公司应该如何运营、如何发展地区经济等)的题目。例如:

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1.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? All high school students should take the course of basic economics.

2.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Because economic growth is so important for modern societies, economy growth should not be slowed down by concerns about environment.

3.Which ONE of the following actions do you think is most important for a country’s leader to take to ensure the prosperity and success of the country? Why?

-Creating jobs for unemployed workers.

-Improving agriculture and ensuring low food prices.

-Libraries.

-Public transportation.

-Police.

-Improving access to affordable housing.

4.In times of economic crisis, local governments often reduce the money they spend in some areas. In your opinion, if a local government is facing economic problems, which of the following areas should it spend less money on?

-Libraries

-Public transportation

-Police

5. In times of economic crisis, in which area should governments reduce its spending?

-Arts

-Scientific research

-Parks and public gardens.

6.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? For any business to be successful, it must spend a lot of money on advertising.

7.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is important for the government to provide money for beautiful things and not just for practical things.

8.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more important for the government to spend more money on art and music museums than on facilities (like playgrounds, public swimming pool).

9.Which one do you think a government should spend the most money on: environment, employment, education?

这一类题目在托福独立写作的题库中所占的比例并不算大,所以同学们在备考时并不会特别注意此类题目。但是,商业经济类话题通常都会在“government”、“business”以及“company”等语境中被讨论,和生活类、教育类、人际交往类话题相比,并不算是一个很日常的话题。所以很多同学在面对此类话题时都会觉得写作素材比较少不好展开例子,以及用词比较抽象,甚至中式的问题。

那么究竟应该怎样应对商业经济类的话题呢?

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一、 归纳出商业发展和经济发展的优缺点

认真看过上文展示的8道题目之后,相信细心的同学已经发现了。商业经济类话题讨论的根本问题都在于:“money”的用途以及对应的优缺点。只要抓住这个特点,同学们就可以搭建一个基本的文章思路了。无论是企业还是社会,经济发展所带来的优缺点都是可以预见的。而这些优缺点则很大程度取决于我们把钱用在了什么地方。

例如,第二道题目讨论的是经济发展和环境保护之间的关系。同学们在拿到题目之后,不妨就先思考一下经济发展会带来哪些优势和问题,而这些优势和问题与环境保护之间又存在什么样的关系

首先,经济发展对整个社会的基础设施建设有最直接和显著的积极影响。说得通俗一点,有了钱我们可以建造更多的学校,修缮四通八达的桥梁轨道,完善医疗和养老保险等等。在一些发展中国家,这些问题往往比环境保护更加迫在眉睫。与此同时,经济发展对一个国家的军事力量也是至关重要的。而且,环境保护也是需要大量资金和资源支持的,所以经济发展也能为未来的环境保护储备必要的资源。这个时候我们自然而然就会发现,这道题目选择“agree”更加容易搭建思路

‼️ 这里我们也再次提醒各位同学,托福写作不存在“正确答案”,不要觉得违背了大多数人的看法或者选择了看似“不道德”的一方观点就拿不到高分了。只要没有离题托福作为语言考试,主要还是考察同学们的学术写作能力

下面,我们用两张图来给大家展示经济发展所带来的优缺点

✔️经济发展的优势:

托福写作20到25!商业经济类话题必须掌握

✔️经济发展的代价:

托福写作20到25!商业经济类话题必须掌握

二、举例一定要具体且有细节

同学们在面对商业经济类话题时还容易出现另外一个问题:举例太过宽泛,缺少细节。这个问题在很多话题的作文中都会出现。而更多的同学们会觉得此类话题举例更难做到具体有细节的原因是:描述的层面

在上文我们提到了,商业经济类话题通常都是在“government”、“business”以及“company”等语境中被讨论的,所以同学们才会觉得在一个日常的语境中很难表达清楚,总是感觉不太合适。这里我们要提醒各位同学,无论话题的范围有多大,我们都应该在自己的文章中做到有细节。如果题目“大”,我们的文章内容也跟着变“大”,那么整篇文章会给读者一种“假大空”的感觉。同时,我们也要清楚,商业经济发展最终都会影响到我们每一个人的日常生活。所以反之,用一个人的日常生活去论证商业经济发展所带来的影响也是可以的。

我们接着第二道题目来讨论。如果我们同意了经济发展比环境保护更重要我们可以用教育的普及来举例。例如,我暑假回乡下的时候认识了一个姐姐。她很小的时候就辍学。因为家里穷,没有办法同时供家里面所有的孩子念书。作为最大的姐姐,她只能早早来到城里打工,帮助减轻家里的负担。虽然乡下的自然环境优美,但是她觉得没能成为一名大学生是她这辈子最大的遗憾。即便城市里的污染很严重,如果有机会,她还是会愿意去那里读书深造。随着这些年家里的经济条件变得越来越好,她的妹妹已经顺利进入高中了,而且家里也准备继续供她读完大学。

我们看到,即便题目在讨论的是整个“modern society”的经济发展,我们还是可以看到它对不同个体所带来的影响。所以同学们一定谨记,越是“大”的题目,在举例时越要“小”找到这些话题和我们日常生活的联系,找到社会发展对我们日常生活的影响。这样就不会觉得例子很难构思了。

我们再来看一下第三题,首先是老师示范的完整段落:

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❓Which ONE of the following actions do you think is most important for a country’s leader to take to ensure the prosperity and success of the country? Why?

-Creating jobs for unemployed workers(所选选项)

-Improving agriculture and ensuring low food prices.

-Improving access to affordable housing.

示范段落

To begin with, the goal of all job creation strategies is to stimulate healthy economic growth which is a win-win situation for both the employees and the governments. In short, employment brings economic growth eventually.

If the government cannot create more jobs for people to earn money, it is meaningless to merely drop the price for living expenses. For example, the Great Recession in 2007 and its long-lasting impact caused inevitable damages to countless families. Parents who have jobs are working longer hours than ever. Mothers are taking shorter maternity leaves. The birth rate is on the decline. The divorce rate is also declining since it’s too expensive for people to break up their households. Family relationships had become strained. Under such circumstance, there is no meaning to ensure low food price or make houses more affordable.

本道题目讨论是国家的发展,而老师选择第一个选项的主要原因就是考虑到了经济发展对一个国家的繁荣来说是至关重要的。只有有了钱,food price和housing的问题在很大程度上也会得到缓解。例如2007年的环球金融危机对无数个家庭都带去了几乎毁灭性的打击。失去工作的人意味着没有了经济来源,而没有失去的人则需要拼命工作来保住这个机会。这种情况下,即便物价房价再便宜,大家也无福消受了。

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